10月22日,中国共产党第二十次全国代表大会闭幕会在北京人民大会堂举行。 中新社记者 盛佳鹏 摄
10月22日闭幕的中共二十大通过了关于《中国共产党章程(修正案)》的决议。作为管党治党建党的“根本大法”,二十大党章成为新征程上全党行动的根本遵循。
这是中共党代会第18次修改党章。回顾历史,党代会根据党的理论创新和实践发展需要对党章进行修改,是中国共产党的一个惯例。
“二十大通过的新党章是第二个百年征程中国共产党加强自身建设的新起点,决定着中国共产党第二个百年的发展道路、发展内涵、发展格局和发展方向。因此,具有奠基性和决定未来发展前程的重大历史意义。”张希贤说。
修改后的党章有“与时俱进”的鲜明特点。继中共十九大把习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想确立为党必须长期坚持的指导思想并写入党章后,中共二十大决定把党的十九大以来习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想新发展写入党章,以更好反映以习近平同志为核心的党中央推进党的理论创新、实践创新、制度创新成果。
“在党章中写入习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想新发展,旨在用创新的理论武装全党,更好地面向未来。”张希贤说。
中共中央党校(国家行政学院)教授戴焰军指出,习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想本身就是一个不断发展的学说,把发展新成果写进党章,是中国共产党在理论上、指导思想上与时俱进的体现。
中共二十大鲜明强调“两个确立”的决定性意义。竹立家指出,“两个确立”是中国特色社会主义进入新时代的历史条件下形成的最重要政治成果,全党必须深刻认识到“两个确立”的决定性意义,在实践中始终予以坚持。
资料图:人民大会堂前红旗飘飘。二十大提出以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴,并将此确定为新时代新征程党的中心任务,大会不仅将之写入党章,也把与共同富裕、新发展理念、“双循环”、高质量发展等有关的内容写入了党章。外界注意到这些内容都涉及对国内外形势的科学判断和战略部署。
戴焰军指出,上述内容相对来说都具有稳定性和长期性,将其写入党章,可以保证党在长时期内有明确且一以贯之的目标,动员全党要为之行动,且确保行动的政策具有连续性。
大会同意把党是最高政治领导力量,坚持和加强党的全面领导等内容写入党章,同意把党的初心使命、党的百年奋斗重大成就和历史经验的内容写入党章,同意把发扬斗争精神、增强斗争本领等内容写入党章。新党章还反映了十九大以来党的建设成功经验,包括弘扬伟大建党精神等。
在戴焰军看来,把涉及党的执政地位和自身建设的内容写入党章,成为全党的共同意志和行动遵循,对于锻造更坚强有力的中国共产党有重要意义。
“中国发展进入战略机遇和风险挑战并存、不确定难预料因素增多的时期,各种‘黑天鹅’‘灰犀牛’事件随时可能发生。无论是研判风险挑战,还是克服前进障碍实现发展目标,都需要吸收建党百年来的重要经验,坚持和加强党的全面领导,增强斗争本领。”竹立家说。
对于全党下一步发展的突出任务,修改后的党章予以强调。尤为值得注意的是,大会把全面准确、坚定不移贯彻“一个国家、两种制度”的方针,坚决反对和遏制“台独”写入了党章。
“党把完成祖国统一大业作为历史重任,为此进行了不懈努力。中国迈向建设社会主义现代化强国目标,国家统一是其中关键。”竹立家指出,中共将贯彻“一国两制”方针、处理对台关系等作为重要任务体现在党章之中,对于凝聚海内外中华儿女共同意志,促进祖国统一有着重要意义。(完)
中新网评:美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后,美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕,众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录,将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
(文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎)